Asylum, Refuge, Shelter, Retreat all of them mean a place of safety, but they have very small differences in meaning. Let's see what those differences are.
Their meaning according to our dictionaries:-
Asylum
It means a safe place or protection given by a government to someone who has left another country in order to escape being harmed.
- He fled the country, and is now seeking asylum in Sweden.
- Sikhs were granted political asylum by Canada.
Other Usages:-
In history, asylum is used for hospital where people who were mentally ill could be cared for, often for a long time.
Refuge
It means shelter or protection from danger, any kind of trouble, etc.
- Robbers were seeking refuge.
- Many Jews sought refuge in other countries after Hitler came to power in 1933.
Shelter
It is a place offering temporary protection from danger, harsh conditions, sun, rain, etc. (e.g., homeless shelter, bomb shelter).
- She took shelter from the rain under a bridge.
- They tried to seek shelter from the rain.
As a verb, it means it means to give somebody or something a place where they are protected from weather or from danger.
- He shelters me from drunk men.
Retreat
It means a quiet, secluded place for rest, relaxation, or privacy (e.g., spiritual retreat, mountain retreat).
- A place that is quiet and private.
- She went to her mountain retreat for a quiet weekend.
Other meaning:
It also means to move away from a place or an enemy because of danger or defeat.
It means act or process of moving away from something or someone.
Difference between asylum, refuge, shelter, and retreat.
Asylum implies a home who has no home. A legal and safety protection who has no home or one who has left their home or country.
Refuge implies a safe place who has apprehensive of danger, or who is escaping danger, war, or hardship.
An asylum is sought by those who have no home, and a refuge is sought by those who fear danger.
- The French emigrants found refuge in England, but very few sought asylum there.
Retreat connotes a place of tranquility and spirituality rather than safety.
Shelter is used to mean primary and immediate protection. It focuses on basic safety from sun, rain , violence, etc.
- A tree acts like a shelter from heat wave.
In a nutshell
Asylum is for someone who has no home or no country.
Refuge implies a safe place who has some kind of fear.
Retreat denotes a place of peace.
A shelter is a place of immediate protection.
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